Why white rhino numbers increased 34,000%
(CNN) — The southern white rhino has been to the brink of
extinction and back, but even as it continues to be under threat from poachers,
it's survival is largely thanks to the conservation work of one park.
Today, most of these rhinos can trace their ancestry back to
the Hluhluwe Imfolozi Park (HiP) in KwaZulu-Nata, South Africa.
In the late 19th century, the southern white rhino was on
the brink of extinction due to game hunting.
However, by 2011, numbers had increased from fewer than 50
to over 17,000, mainly due to the work at HiP.
"All southern rhino throughout the world, the gene pool
comes from this park," explains Richard Penn Sawers, park manager at HiP,
known as the home of the rhinoceros species.
"It is a species which has huge importance in the
conservation world."
Unfortunately, a new threat emerged just under a decade ago,
when poachers began targeting the rhinos for their horns.
Made entirely of keratin, a protein found in hair,
fingernails and animal hooves, rhino horn has long been used as a traditional
medicine ingredient in countries like China and Vietnam.
But it's since reportedly become popular as among wealthy
party goers in Asia.
Coveted horns
"It's worth a great deal of money," adds Sawers.
"It's worth more than gold.
"There's a very high demand for it, and we are
experiencing severe threats on our rhino population at the moment."
As a result, the 96,000-hectare park, the oldest proclaimed
wildlife reserve in Africa, has found itself battling to protect the rhinos
once again.
While the rangers here have long been trained to deal with
bush meat hunters brandishing assegais (spears) and bush knives, poachers armed
with guns was relatively new territory for them.
"The dynamic changed because international syndicates
were becoming involved," says Sawers.
"I think the scourge of rhino poaching migrated South
from the Northern parts of Africa where the rhino had been wiped out."
International trade in rhino horn has been banned for years,
but poachers can earn a huge amount of money from selling it on the black
market.
"There was a time where everybody thought the rhino
would not survive because of the poaching that was taking place," says
Tumelo Matjekane, a project manager at Peace Parks Foundation, a non-profit
organization that assists with setting up transfrontier conservation areas in
southern Africa.
In order to tackle the organized criminal gangs, HiP was
transformed into South Africa's first "Smart Park."
Integrated surveillance technology, including smart fencing,
has been installed in the grounds of the reserve, along with camera traps to
call attention to intruders.
Rapid response
"We consider this to be a war," explains Sawers.
"So, in any war situation, rapid response and rapid detection is
key."
The park even has an intelligence gathering base, the HiP
Nerve Centre, which keeps track of information picked up by the cameras.
"They're [the camera traps] all linked to the internet
and they send their photographs directly to the Nerve Centre," explains
Sawers.
"So, we know exactly where the camera is and where the
photograph comes from. And we can react very, very quickly."
The team use a helicopter so they can reach targeted areas
swiftly.
It was recently deployed just eight minutes after being
given the green light, reaching its intended location around seven minutes
later.
"Without the technology, it would have probably taken
in the region of two hours," adds Sawers. "And by then it would have
been too late."
Of course, such advanced technology is costly, the Peace
Parks Foundation apparently contributed more than 10.6 million South African
rand (around $600,000) towards the rhino protection program.
Sawers says he's extremely encouraged by the results so far.
"Where we were losing between 10 and 15 rhino a month,
that has stopped completely," he says.
For Sawers, whose great-grandfather was a park ranger here,
protecting the rhinos is too important for any level of complacency.
"The preservation of the southern white rhino is
critical," he adds. "We cannot allow it to disappear. It would be too
awful to contemplate." เว็บพนันออนไลน์
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